Boko haram insurgency in nigeria from the past seven years has in. Since 2009, boko haram has transformed itself from a cultlike religious movement into a revolutionary insurgent organization. Dec 11, 2017 the boko haram insurgency, a jihadist rebel group, is internationally recognized and condemned as a terrorist organization. Other boko haram commanders, including the christmas day 2011 church bombings mastermind, kabiru sokoto, also have sought refuge in camer. More than 12,000 people have been killed in boko haram attacks across northern nigeria and hundreds of. This briefing summarises and analyses the main international developments, the actions of us and european partners, the actions of local governments and coalitions, and the various boko haram operations over the previous month. Effects of boko haram insurgency on the socioeconomic. The problem of insurgency has for several decades occupied a good part of the attention of ir scholars. Major research paper the boko haram insurgency driving. This study therefore builds on earlier works already done in the field of boko haram insurgency in nigeria. With its rank and file decimated, boko haram reportedly has resorted to. Its ideology stems from the concept of haram, or a rejection of western education, social and political systems. Mother and child in an internally displaced peoples camp yola, adamawa state. Boko haram insurgency 1 briefing note 20 january 2014 nigeria.
Since the beginning of boko harams insurgency in 2010, thousands of nigerian. Explaining boko haram, nigerias islamist insurgency the. Table of contents 1 3 5 7 9 12 15 17 20 22 24 25 27 28 29 30 acknowledgments the author introduction inadequate explanations of boko harams rise local and global roots. Examining the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria and the quest for a permanent resolution of the crisis joseph olukayode akinbi ph. As one of the few organisations with fieldbased expertise in the greater sahel and on all four countries caught up in the insurgency. A critical examination of the origin, forms and dimensions becomes sacrosanct. In 2019, the conflict in northeastern nigeria entered its eleventh year. A public affairs analyst, bala zakka in this interview disclosed that the insurgency is a fallout from northerners ability to allow evil seed of boko haram to be planted in the countrys soil. In reality, whatever boko haram did or claimed to do is contrary to islamic teaching of prophet muhammad peace and blessing be upon him.
Nation listing entry describes boko haram as an affiliate of alqaeda and also one of the organisations of alqaeda in the islamic maghreb aqim reuters, 2014. The violent rise and resilience of the jihadist group boko haram in the lake chad basin since 2009 poses enormous security, humanitarian and governance challenges. Boko harams sixyearold insurgency has pitted neighbour against neighbour, and cost more than 00 lives. Boko haram, a violent but diffuse islamist sect, has grown increasingly active and.
Boko haram, insurgency, education system nigeria is a country in the western part of africa credited with having a population of about 174 million people, covering geographical space of 923,768km 2 which is divided into 36 states. Despite declaring a caliphate, boko haram has made little attempt at governing the territory it has captured. The boko haram insurgency began in 2009, when the jihadist group boko haram started an armed rebellion against the government of nigeria. In order to understand how the boko haram insurgency threatens security, it is pertinent to provide a background of its evolution. Boko haram is a terrorist sect whose main objective hinges on the opposition of western education. Hyperlinks to source material are highlighted in blue and underlined in the text. Boko haram has used niger, chad, and cameroon to hide, train, plan, recruit, and transit, historically focusing attacks on nigeria to avoid crackdowns in countries where it. In 2002, an offshoot of this youth group not yet known as boko haram declared the city and the islamic establishment to be intolerably corrupt and irredeemable. The paper is designed to investigate the factors responsible for boko haram insurgency in yobe state, nigeria. Consequently, the following facts encompass some of the most crucial details of the boko haram insurgency. Pdf the psychological trauma inflicted by boko haram. While boko haram cant be neatly characterized as an insurgency or terrorist organization, its origins appear rooted in grievances over poor governance and sharp inequality in nigerian society.
The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national. Its stated goal is to overthrow the secular government of nigeria and replace it with an islamic system. However the group members call themselves jamaah alahlu alsunnah li aldawah wa aljihad. The road to radicalization boko haram was created in 2002 in maiduguri, the capital of the northeastern state of borno, by islamist cleric mohammed yusuf. The paper also considers the effectiveness of the steps taken by the nigerian government to secure childrens right to education in line with its obligations under international law, in the context of the insurgency. Governor kashim shettima of borno state on monday released the grim statistics of deaths and material losses suffered by the state due to the boko haram insurgency mr. A common account of the groups origin traces it back to 2002, when mohammed yusuf, a charismatic preacher, became its leader. A comparative study of niger delta and boko haram uprisings article pdf available in journal of asian and african studies 502 march 2014 with 7,500 reads. Boko haram, a movement claiming to act in the name of is lam, has killed tens of thousands of people in nigeria and the neighboring countries of niger, chad, and cameroon. Apart from the threat to security, the sect has reconfigured the theme of. The abduction in april of nearly 300 schoolgirls from chibok, a northeastern nigerian village, by fighters of the extremist group boko haram received wide attention from social media campaigner s and the news media but events in nigeria have been overshadowed in recent months.
Boko haram is a violent sunni jihadist group founded by cleric mohammed yusuf, who was previously a leader within a salafist group in the 1990s, and was inspired by 14th century fundamentalist scholar ibn taymiyyah. Boko haram, a once obscure islamist terrorist group in northern. The history of boko haram boko harams origins lie in a group of radical islamist youth who worshipped at the alhaji muhammadu ndimi mosque in maiduguri a decade ago. The group is known as jamaatul alhul sunnah lidda wat, wal jihad translated as association of the people of the sunnah for preaching and jihad or boko haram. Separated from husbands and sons conscripted or killed by boko haram or arrested by security forces, many women are now fully. Boko haram bh, meaning western education is forbidden, an islamist militant insurgent group based in northeastern nigeria, has been. However, of most alarming negative impact is the upsurge of violence targeted at the. D department of history, adeyemi federal university of education p. However, while security forces may have put boko haram on the back foot, the social. Boko haram emerged around 2002 as a local islamic group. I argue that one of the main causes of boko harams insurgency is the political competition over. Northern and central nigeria are engulfed in a violent insurgency campaign waged by jamaatu ahlis sunnah liddaawati wal jihad, a. The word boko haram means western education is forbidden. Boko haram, and more recently, its splinter group ansaru.
The last of five monthly intelligence briefings on the boko haram insurgency prepared for the remote control project. Its implication and way forwards toward avoidance of future insurgency olaide ismail aro abstract the end of 2011 general election in nigeria results to mass recognition of another set of militant popularly called boko. Boko haram insurgency and the counterterrorism policy in. For example, the unconventional activities of ruthless insurgent groups in africa such as the islamic state of the maghrib, boko haram, and al shabaab often. Boko haram leader abu shekau reportedly fled to ngaoundere in northern cameroon after boko harams january 20, 2012 attacks in kano, which killed 186 people.
Introduction since 2009 nigeria has been in the grip of a violent islamic insurgency by the extremist sect widely known as boko haram. Stabilizing northeast nigeria after boko haram carnegie. A heavyhanded or solely military response will not bring peace and may be counterproductive. Boko haram is an islamist extremist group responsible for dozens of massacres of civilians and the abduction of more than 500 women and girls in its fiveyear insurgency in nigeria. Lessons from colombia for curtailing the boko haram insurgency. A northern agenda for regime change and islamization in nigeria, 2007 20 by chukwuemeka eze malachy nnamdi azikiwe university, nigeria abstract nigeria witnessed the emergence of boko haram an islamic sect in 2002 and its active insurgency since 2009. These set of militant during the cause of prosecuting.
Nov 11, 2014 boko haram is an islamist extremist group responsible for dozens of massacres of civilians and the abduction of more than 500 women and girls in its fiveyear insurgency in nigeria. Boko haram follows a purely military insurgency model and currently has no political front. Boko haram insurgency and national security challenges in nigeria. Counterinsurgency and counterterrorism in theory and practice irregular warfare now and in the future conclusion readers guide western democracies have had difficulty responding to the new reality of global violent. Policy to counter nigerias boko haram offers a sober assessment of the security situation in northern nigeria. I argue that one of the main causes of boko harams insurgency is the political competition over various issues between nigerian islamic organizations. Boko haram, was once a social communal movement but gradually evolved into a fullblown destructive hydraheaded insurgency operating in some states of the northeast of nigeria. Those terrible weeks in their camp human rights watch. Since 2009, the boko haram insurgency and the governments military response have killed tens of thousands of civilians and displaced millions across the lake chad region, which straddles cameroon, chad, niger, and nigeria.
This book focuses on boko haram and terrorism in nigeria, framing the conflict. The theory and practice of irregular warfare protecting the system. The focus is on the extent to which illiteracy, unemployment. Boko haram insurgency and national security challenges in.
Impact of the boko haram insurgency on the childs right. The state of insecurity engendered by boko haram insurgency in nigeria. How nigeria can overcome boko haram insurgency researchers. Even before the boko haram insurgency, northeastern nigeria had the lowest. In a conflict that has no easy answers and no solutions in sight, boko haram is already and will remain one of africas enduring insurgencies. Boko haram insurgency and the counterterrorism policy in nigeria the boko haram fundamentalist islamic group is the first insurgent organization in nigeria to be classified as a terrorist organization by the united states of america and its allies. In order to better understand boko haram now and in the future, this report, edited by jacob zenn, challenges some key misconceptions about the insurgency and provides new analyses and.
The analysis has identified the following as key strengths of boko haram. This paper explores the various perspectives on the formation and radicalization of boko haram in nigeria. The abduction in april of nearly 300 schoolgirls from chibok, a northeastern nigerian village, by fighters of the extremist group boko haram received wide attention from social media campaigner s and the news media. How nigeria can overcome boko haram insurgency researchers july 2, 2017 idris ibrahim file photo. The conflict takes place within the context of longstanding issues of religious violence between nigerias muslim and christian communities, and the insurgents ultimate aim is to establish an islamic state. Olaniyan abstract myriad of problems have bedeviled the nigerian education system in the past. Therefore, this study aims to examine the threat of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security system.
Boko haram boko haram, officially jamaatu ahlis sunna liddaawati waljihad can be translated as people committed to the propagation of the prophets teachings and jihad is a religious sect operating in mostly northeastern regions of nigeria, with recent significant. This paper studies the boko haram and its operations with a view. Boko harams fouryearold insurgency has pitted neighbour against. The don, a civil society activist, said there was need to understand what has sustained the boko haram insurgency and how local communities can play a role in battling the insurgency. Haram in northern nigeria, while danjibo 2009 attempts a comparative evaluation of the maitatsine and boko haram crises in northern nigeria as manifestations of islamic fundamentalism and sectarian violence in nigeria. Haramyusufiyya named after yusuf or by its much broader name, jamaatul ahalul sunna waljamaa lidda a wati wal jihadi jaswal jihad. The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security.
The movement is unique in that it combines a sectarian, radical islamic agenda with violence. Boko haram follows a purely military insurgency model and. Human security at the basics, is defined as freedom from violence and threat of. Smith an insurgency in nigeria by the islamist extremist group boko haram has left thousands dead, shaken africas biggest country and worried the world. Oct 06, 2014 the boko haram insurgency, by the numbers. It is the most problematic issue that threats economic, political and social development of the country. The paper ventured into panoramic view of boko haram insurgency and its manifestations in nigeria. Boko haram, nigerias homegrown islamist insurgency, whose name in hausa roughly translates as western education is forbidden, has abducted at least 500 women and. Pdf boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of.
The paper aims at investigating the activities of boko haram in nigeria with particular attention on its effects on the socioeconomic development of the country. One of the most important findings of the thesis is that religion can be a dominate cause of conflict. The emergence of boko haram insurgency in nigeria has not only affected the strategic calculation of internal security in the country but has also completely altered the shape of the domestic security equation. The boko haram insurgency, a jihadist rebel group, is internationally recognized and condemned as a terrorist organization. We explore the challenges facing journalists as they report on boko harams insurgency in nigeria. Civilianled governance and security in nigeria after boko haram. In order to better understand boko haram now and in the future, this report, edited by jacob zenn, challenges some key misconceptions about the insurgency and provides new analyses and continued. Impact of the boko haram insurgency on the childs right to. Since 2009, nigeria has been experiencing a deadly insurgency led by boko haram bh, after the extrajudicial killing of its leader muhammad yusuf by the police. Chad is hosting 10,000 n displaced to diffa region in niger. An assessment of strengths, vulnerabilities, and policy options from previous hit.
1267 1369 545 883 949 1264 1442 1544 336 1158 602 1511 1393 43 729 836 431 652 1041 1019 371 437 349 1571 32 1582 1013 796 366 604 704 1458 1134 1022 184 236 1172 527 54